Squam’s water: Where does it come from, where does it go?

Squam is one of New Hampshire’s most iconic lakes, known for its crystal-clear waters and beautiful landscapes. But have you ever wondered where all that water comes from—or where it goes once it leaves the lake? Understanding Squam Lake’s water cycle is key to protecting this vital resource.

Where does Squam’s water come from?

Squam is fed by a network of rivers, streams, and wetlands that collect water from the surrounding watershed. Rainfall, snowmelt, and groundwater flow through this intricate system, bringing fresh water into the lake. Key contributors include:

• White Oak Pond: The White Oak subwatershed, the largest inflowing source, contributes to 156 pounds of phosphorus annually, further highlighting the need for focused management efforts.
• Swainey Brook: The largest sub-basin feeding into Squam Lake, Swainey Brook channels water from upland areas into the lake.
• Smith and Eastman Brook: These waterways flow into Eastman Cove, carrying water—and sometimes sediment and nutrients—into the lake.
• Small Streams and Wetlands: Numerous smaller streams and wetlands act as natural filters, slowing water flow and capturing sediment and nutrients before they reach the lake.

While these sources sustain the lake, they also introduce challenges. Runoff from roads, farms, and developed areas can carry pollutants, sediment, and excess nutrients into the water, leading to problems like algae blooms and reduced water clarity.

Where does Squam’s water go?

Water leaving Squam Lake flows primarily through the Squam River, which acts as the lake’s outlet. From there, the water continues its journey into the Pemigewasset River and later merges with the Merrimack River, which flows into the Atlantic Ocean. This outflow connects Squam Lake to larger regional water systems, influencing ecosystems far beyond its borders.

Why does this matter?

Understanding where water enters and exits Squam Lake is crucial for several reasons:

• Water quality: By identifying sources of runoff and potential pollution, we can take targeted actions—like stabilizing eroded areas or creating rain gardens—to keep harmful nutrients out of the lake.
• Ecosystem health: Every stream and brook feeding into the lake supports rich biodiversity. Protecting these inflows helps maintain habitats for fish, birds, and other wildlife.
• Community well-being: Lake health directly impacts recreation, property values, and the local economy. Clean, clear water is essential to the area’s character and vibrancy.

Our role in stewardship

Through projects like erosion control, invasive species removal, and water quality monitoring, SLA aims to safeguard Squam Lake for generations to come. Next time you enjoy Squam’s pristine waters, take a moment to think about the journey that water takes. By working together, we can keep that journey as clean and life-giving as it’s meant to be.